Human Development(Philosophy)

Human Development

Development is the process of evolution and growth. And Human Development is evolution of humans physically, socially , morally and all.Give it a read to know about things which we used to ignore while comparing ourselves with others and thanks to GOD.

Physical Development

Physical development refers to all those internal and external changes that take place in different body organs. As a result of these changes, the body organs achieve their natural form and thus start doing their natural functions.

Physical Development from Infancy to Adolescence

1. Infancy And Physical Development

Multiple changes take place from the period of birth to two years of age.Following are salient characteristics of physical development :

· Brain and Nervous System

Every motor and cognitive skills that appear during infancy are influenced by the maturing nervous system. This system includes the brain, spinal cord and the nerve.Between 6 months and two years, considerable development takes place in brain for complex cognitive activities such as eagerness and reasoning. 75% of brain development occurs after birth.

· Changes in body proportions

The head of a newborn is already 70% of its final adult size and represents one quarter of total body length, the same fractions as the legs .As a child grows ,body shape rapidly changes .At one year of age the head of childs accounts for 20% of total body length. Throughout infancy, the arms and legs continue to grow faster than hands and feet.

· Changes in weight, height and shape

An average newborn weights about 4kgs , roughly 3 billion times more than the fertilized ovum for which he/she developed. The babies grow very rapidly during first two years , often doubling their birth weight by 4 to 6 months of age and tripling it by the end of first year. By age two years , the infants get half their final adult height.

· Skeletal Development

The skeletal structures of infants that form during parental period is initially soft cartilage that will gradually harden into a body material.At the time of birth, most of the bones of infants are soft, flexible and difficult to break.That is why ; neonates cannot sit up or balance themselves when pulled up to standing position.

Adolescence And Physical Development

Adolescence is the period of development that begins at puberty and ends at emerging adulthood ; the typical age range is from 11 to 18 years. Following are salient features:

· Physical changes of puberty

In this process rapid physical changes occur. The beginning of puberty typically occurs at age 10 or 11 for females and age of 11 or 12 for males ; females usually complete puberty by age of 15 to 17.,while males usually finish around ages 16 to 17 .Timetable of puberty for every individual is different.

· Occurrence of Visible Physical changes

In this process there is rapid increase in height and weight which generally begins in girls between ages of 9 to 14 and in boys between 10 to 16 .Both girls and boys reach virtually their full height by age 18 .

· Changes in circadian timing system

The adolescence undergo a shift in the brain’s natural sleep time.Technically, it is termed s ‘circadian timing system’. The timing of secretion of melatonin, a hormone detectable in saliva , is the gauge of when brain is ready to sleep.Thus, adolescence need to go to bed later and get up later than younger children.

· Hormonal Changes

The adolescence involves unique physiological changes in individual’s height, weight, body composition , and circulatory and respiratory systems. These changes are largely influenced by hormonal activity. Hormones play organizational and activation role. During puberty, the adolescent’s hormonal balance shifts strongly towards on adult state ; the process is activated by the pituitary glands , which secrets a zoom of hormonal agents into blood stream.

· Brain Development

The adolescent brain also remains under development during this time. Adolescent often engage in increased in risk-taking behaviors experience heightened emotions during puberty. This may be due to fact that frontal lobes of their brains , which are responsible for judgment , impulse control , and planning are still maturing until early adulthood.

Social Development

Social development refers to the process by which a child learns to interact with others around him. Social development includes learning the values, knowledge , and skills that enable children to relate to others effectively and to contribute in a positive ways to family,school and the community.

This type of development is settled by three means;

· Directly by parents and teachers.

· Indirectly through social relationships within the family or with friends.

· Through their participation in the culture around them.

It seems boring to you now but I think these are the basics for the positive growth of all neonates for best society. In this world full of irresponsible people try to make your child responsible .

Social development is important for child for behavior , understanding of life and shift to adulthood.

During the childhood, following are social traits developed:

· Awareness of social roles

During childhood, a child shows love toward family members without any noticeable demand. A six years old child is likely to follow classroom routines, befriend some classmates and ignore others. There is significant development of self-esteem ,self-concept and self- understandings as well as social attitudes, social skills and social roles

· Changes in gender-typed behavior

Gender- typed behaviors refers to actions confirm to cultural expectations about what is suitable for girls and boys. By the age of 2 , children are already showing gender-related preferences in toys .In age of 4 difference of activities. And n growing age it’s is described by sports selected by boys is acrobatics, running etc while girls show their interest in dolls, babies like that.

· Learning of specific social skills through play

This in the fact that play, related to culture and gender as well as the age of the playmates, serves as an ideal of forum for learning social skills.A five years old child has learned how to gain entry to a play group, to manage conflict, and to select and keep friends . Many of the new social skills are learned from play from peers.

Moral Development

Moral development is the process through which children develop proper attitudes and behaviors toward other people in society, based on social and cultural, norms,rules and laws .It relates to an individual’s sense of right and wrong. It focuses on the beginning , understanding and change of morality from infancy through old age. What do we mean by morality?

“A set of principles or ideals that help the individual to distinguish right from wrong and act on this division .”

“A body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosophy , religion or a culture , or it can derive from a standard that a person believes.

So we should make sure to focus on these things when your child is in a learning process cause it’s like cultivating a seed in its mind which will help him to live a happy life.